• April 25, 2024

The disorder by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) it can occur at any stage of life and is not regularly diagnosed in a timely manner; therefore, who suffers it can suffer problems of learning, behavior, anxiety, depression and even addictions.

It is a chronic neurobiological disorder in which genetic and environmental factors are involved. It originates in the brain, by dysfunction in neural networks and by the alteration of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (involved in attention and movement processes) and noradrenaline (related to processes of attention, concentration and memory).

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According to the Dr. Silvia Ortiz León, from the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of the Faculty of Medicine of the UNAM, "It is a disorder mainly of genetic origin with a heritability factor, that is, if in the family someone has this problem, it may be that other relatives also suffer."

The main symptoms that characterize it are: attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In Mexico, one million 500 thousand children of school age suffer from ADHD; and the World Health Organization calculates that around 5% of the child population suffers it and in the adult stage 50% of those children will continue to present it.

The clinical diagnosis of ADHD can be made by the pediatrician, the specialist in child psychiatry or the neuropaediatrician and is carried out under the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases of WHO CIE 10 and those of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM, for its acronym in English).

The researcher pointed out that, according to these guidelines, for a child to be diagnosed with this disorder must present at least 6 out of 9 symptoms of inattention, for six months and before seven years, although he added that, after international scientific consensus, another age of onset that is currently taken into account for adolescents and adults is between 12 and 17 years old.

The treatment must be multimodal and consist of the administration of stimulant or non-stimulant drugs, as well as in psychoeducation, through which parents, children and adolescents are informed. teenagers and adults what is said suffering, what are its manifestations and the consequences of not treating it.

Also, the cognitive therapy Individual or group behavioral therapy is considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention for people with ADHD, although the Dr. Silvia Ortiz clarified that it does not replace pharmacological treatment.

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